Please click on the following links to find out more about the Row Hammer error.

​ Google - Project Zero: Exploiting the DRAM Row Hammer bug to gain kernel privileges (Link)

​ IBM - IBM Product Security Incident Response Blog (Link)

​ SAMSUNG - Green Memory Solution (Link)

​ Synopsys - Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS) for DDR DRAM interfaces (Link)

​ Synopsys - Row Hammering: What it is, and how hackers could use it to gain access to your system (Link)

​ Xilinx - Unexplained memory errors in your DDR3 design? Maybe it’s “Row Hammer.” Yet another thing to worry about (Link)

​ FuturePlus - The Known Failure Mechanism in DDR3 Memory referred to as Row Hammer (Link)

​ FuturePlus - JEDECE - DDR Compliance Testing Its time has come! (Link)

​ TELEDYNE LECROY - Tuning DDR4 for Power and Performance (Link)

​ Lenovo - Row Hammer Privilege Escalation (Link)

​ CISCO - Row Hammer Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (Link)

​ MoSys - Memories For Extreme Networking (Link)

​ AT&T - The Row Over Rowhammer (Link)

​ Microsoft - Microsoft Azure uses Error-Correcting Code memory for enhanced reliability and security (Link)

Academic References

​ Kim, Yoongu, et al. "Flipping bits in memory without accessing them: An experimental study of DRAM disturbance errors." Proceeding of the 41st annual international symposium on Computer Architecuture. IEEE Press, 2014. (Link)

​ Kim, D., P. Nair, and M. Qureshi. "Architectural Support for Mitigating Row Hammering in DRAM Memories." (Link)

Other Relevant Links

​ Row-Hammer in Wikipedia (Link)

​ Creative DRAM Abuse With Row Hammer (Link)

​ Rowhammer hardware bug threatens to smash notebook security (Link)

​ 'Rowhammer' hijack via hardware flaw hits half of laptops tested (Link)

​ Rowhammer Hardware Exploit Poses Threat to DRAM Memory in Many Laptops, PCs (Link)

​ "Row hammering" - how to exploit a computer by overworking its memory (Link)

​ Achieve Reliability, Availability, And Serviceability For Memory Interfaces (Link)

​ Googler’s Epic Hack Exploits How Memory Leaks Electricity (Link)

​ Manufacturers ignored possibility of 'Rowhammer' DRAM attacks (Link)

​ The Rowhammer Bug (Link)

​ Safe Rowhammer Privilege Escalation (Link)